Islamabad faces a contentious public health issue that has long plagued its residents: the spread of rabies and the treatment of stray animals.
The complexities surrounding the practice of dog culling as a measure to control rabies have implications for both animal welfare and public health. Despite promises made by the CDA to address the issue with the Sanitation Directorate and collaborate with animal welfare organisations, little progress has been made. The poor implementation of animal rights laws and the CDA’s empty assurances have prompted local NGOs to work tirelessly to rescue and safeguard the city’s vulnerable animal population.
According to the WHO, dog bites are estimated to be up to 99% of all rabies transmissions. The neglect of the disease by Pakistani officials only exacerbates the prevalence of rabies. In 2010, an estimated 97,000 recorded dog bite cases were reported by public health units. The disease has become endemic in Pakistan, with over 50,000 reported cases of dog bites and approximately 6,000 annual deaths, resulting in huge economic losses. But the CDA’s response has been lacklustre.
In 2021, the CDA drew criticism for the handling of stray animal population, particularly its practice of culling dogs. In September 2013, the CDA launched the Sanitation Directorate which, among other environmental sustainability projects, started a campaign on rabies. The campaign targeted and culled stray dogs, but the government did not have any regulations on what methods could be used to kill these dogs. Thus, many dogs suffered painful deaths, often having their legs tied and then being shot or poisoned. Sometimes citizens joined in to hang or poison the dogs as well.
In response to public outcry, the CDA announced a ban on the killing of dogs, pledging to collaborate with animal welfare organisations for vaccination and care. However, despite these assurances, progress has been sluggish. The CDA has only managed to build one shelter, which falls far short of addressing the extensive issue at hand. The shelter has a capacity for 500 dogs only, which the stray dog population exceeds this. Furthermore, the promises of partnerships with prominent NGOs remain largely unfulfilled.
Disturbing reports regarding the culling of dogs keep surfacing. Remarkably, the involvement of law enforcement in these inhumane activities is of particular concern. This situation prompts inquiries into the CDA’s level of commitment to the welfare of stray animals and animal rights within the capital.
In light of the CDA’s shortcomings, local organizations and individuals have taken proactive measures to address the rabies crisis through initiatives characterized by humane approaches, including but not limited to the Stray Homes Shelter, CDRS Benji, The Pawprint, and United Rescue. Through firsthand accounts, we hear the heartbreaking stories of dog owners who witnessed the brutal treatment of their animals that were confused with strays or unjustly reported by residents in the neighbourhood.
By learning the practices in other nations faced with similar challenges, we suggest examining the implementation of effective global programs to mitigate rabies and control the stray dog population. The Netherlands is a notable example, where rabies is eradicated by instituting a government-funded CNVR (Catch, Neuter, Vaccinate, Return) initiative. As per the Soi Dog Organization, mass spaying and neutering of these animals is the most ethical and effective method for managing strays.
Local NGOs exemplify alternative solutions in addressing the rabies crisis, by providing crucial animal vaccination and rehabilitation services, thus contributing to a safer environment. The success of these initiatives serves as a beacon of hope for the community, and promotes animal welfare as well.
As the relevant authorities grapple with the rabies issue, it is essential to recognize and support dedicated individuals who are making a difference. By highlighting their efforts, we can advocate for robust and humane strategies to protect the vulnerable animals in Islamabad and foster compassion in our community.
Some in Islamabad have started expressing concern over the increasing number of stray dogs on the streets. Almost every sector in Islamabad has witnessed a significant increase in the number of stray dogs.
The staff at the Policlinic and CDA Hospital declined to provide information on anti-rabies vaccination cases, citing a lack of a record-keeping system. Dr Sitara, the on-duty Chief Medical Officer (CMO) at Polyclinic, expressed her inability to provide information on anti-rabies vaccination cases, citing her health-related issues. However, her response raised concerns about the hospital’s record-keeping system.
As the rural and urban areas of the twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad have witnessed mushroom growth of dogs and attacks of rabid dogs, victims are forced to buy the most important anti-rabies injection from the black market.
Though, the vaccine for scratches caused by rabid dog attacks is available in government hospitals, the most expensive vaccine meant for curing cuts by dog bite is not available in any government hospital, including the National Institute of Health (NIH).
The cost of one injection of Rabies immune globulin is Rs12,000 in the black market. The state-run medical facilities advise citizens to purchase expensive anti-rabies injections from their pockets and self-administer six doses at regular intervals.
In case of rabid or normal dog attack with only scratches, six doses of anti-rabies vaccine are administered on the first day, third day, seventh day, 14th day, 21st day and 28th day from Tehsil Headquarters Hospitals or District Headquarters Hospitals. However, when a rabid dog’s teeth have caused wounds on the human body, it’s necessary to administer an injection of rabies immune globulin for every 15 kilograms of the injured person’s weight.
Surprisingly, the said injection is not available in any government hospital. Sources in Benazir Bhutto General Hospital and District Headquarters Hospital Rawalpindi say they have only an anti-rabies vaccine available for dog scratches.
CDA Chairman Randhawa has taken notice of the increasing stray dog population in the capital and has tasked special teams to survey all sectors. These teams, comprising representatives from DMA, Environment, Enforcement, and Sanitation, will conduct joint operations to address the issue.
Ateequr Rehman, the In-charge of the Stray Dogs Population Control Center in the capital, explained the Center’s efforts to control the stray dog population. “We neuter male dogs and spay female dogs, rendering them infertile and reducing their aggression,” Ateeq said. According to him, the neutralization process also helps to decrease the animals’ craving for meat and blood, leading to a decrease in anti-human behavior such as biting and barking.
Ateequr Rehman also informed the media that most people showed arrogant and unfavorable attitudes towards these dogs and suggested, “Take these dogs away and never bring them back no matter if you killed them or threw them away from this area.”
He suggested the need to educate the people regarding the important role that dogs play in the ecosystem, i.e., providing companionship and safeguarding against potential threats.
Yusuf Khan and Ayesha Mateen are high school seniors who research and write on international politics, economics, and government policy